This paper contains a step by step detailed walk-through of different nmap scanning techniques and how the nmap traffic looks like in wireshark for each scan. The objective of documenting the paper is to get a better understanding of packets while initiating any nmap scan so that it can help in bypassing firewalls or debugging what went wrong between the source and destination. It can also help in writing basic firewall rules.
You can download it from the following link: https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/163710/demystifying-nmap.pdf
Source: https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/163710/Demystifying-Nmap-Scans-At-The-Packet-Level.html