ICMP Usage in Scanning – The Internet Control Message Protocol is one of the most complex protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite regarding its security hazards. This paper gives very in depth information, including discussion of all the ICMP types, ICMP sweeps, host detection using ICMP error messages, ACL detection, Inverse mapping, OS fingerprinting, filtering ICMP, and much more.
You can download it from the following link: https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/22293/ICMP_Scanning.pdf
Source: https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/22293/ICMP_Scanning.pdf.html